Kidney cancer therapeutics and diagnostics refer to the various approaches and methods used to treat and diagnose kidney cancer. Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the kidney. It is one of the top 10 most common cancers in both men and women. The main function of the kidneys is to filter the blood and remove waste products from the body. Kidney cancer occurs when cells in the kidney grow and divide abnormally, forming a tumor.